The redundancy principle in multimedia learning 159 john sweller 11. The effects of split attention and redundancy on cognitive load when learning cognitive and psychomotor tasks fredrick d. Every learning theory has its own concepts and views on learning. The14principlesof multimedialearning multimedia principle deeper learning from words and pictures than from words alone modality principle words presented as narration rather than on screen text redundancy principle words are presented as narration rather than as both narration and onscreen text spatial contiguity principle. The modality principle in multimedia learning 147 renae low john sweller 10. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning sorden.
In this article, well highlight 6 factors you should consider when integrating multimedia in elearning. Empirical results practical applications multimedia principle. On screen animation, slide shows, and narratives should. Mayers 2009 cognitive principles of multimedia learning can produce benefits to both short term learning and long term retention of academic material. Multimedia learning happens when we build mental representations from words and pictures. The book has been extensively revised to include new approaches to multimedia instruction as well as updating established methods such as tutorials, drills, simulations, games, and this book shows how to use computers in educational settings by combining learning theory and instructional strategies to help the reader design software for. This book has been cited by the following publications. Multimedia principle cognitive theory of multimedia learning. Challenge recap what do e learning designers need to know about the principles of multimedia learning. When learners are engaged in learning, the likelihood to retain information and sustain the learning process increases. This book is very informative, for teachers who are considering doing project based multimedia projects. Mayer, professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara, for a presentation and discussion about research principles for multimedia instruction. The case of cognitive overload let us consider what happens in multimedia learning, that is, a learning situation in which words and pictures are presented.
Instituting a production process, getting financial and logistical support and training, and. Machine learning for multimedia content analysis is designed for an academic and professional audience. Chapter 1 introduction to multimedia learning richard e. Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. A reasonable solution is to use instructional technology in ways that are grounded in researchbased theory. However, simply adding words to pictures is not an effective way to achieve multimedia learning. Multimedia can be a valuable source of instructional variation because it helps to capture the attention and imagination of learners to bring content to life. Here, the words that are associated with the pictures of the parts of the atom are not close to their picture.
Les animations interactives multimedias sontelles efficaces pour lapprentissage. Students learn better from words and pictures than from words alone. There is a lot of misinformation circulating about the effectiveness of multimodal learning, said charles fadel, ciscos global education leader. His ongoing experimentation has uncovered a number of principles useful to those developing asynchronous and synchronous online instruction. Give an example in your field where splitattention principle might come. These effects are summarized below with relative practical applications. Personally, i prefer the multimedia learning book because its a more practical read and easier to quickly reference each of the principles. The split attention principle states that when designing instruction, including multimedia instruction, it is important to avoid formats that require learners to split their attention between, and mentally integrate, multiple sources of information.
Increasing student learning through multimedia projects is a book that explains project based multimedia and the ways it can be implemented for school or personal use. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer the principle known as the multimedia principle states that people learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone mayer, p. Asiapacific forum on science learning and teaching, volume 12, issue 2, article 6 dec. For example, learner constructs new knowledge by using active learning methods such as actively and mentally engaged in learning processes although passively sitting in the chair and watching a presentation. The split attention effect is a learning effect inherent within some poorly designed instructional materials. The overarching theme of this paper is that effective use of a new instructional technology must be guided by a researchbased theory of how students learn. Mayer r ed the cambridge handbook of multimedia learning. The effects of split attention and redundancy on cognitive. Multimedia learning principles for elearning designers. Beginning with cognitive load theory as their motivating scientific premise, researchers such as richard e. Clark 1983 stated that there has been a paradigm shift in the development of education that is from the behaviourist theory to the cognitive and constructivist theories point of view. A case study on a computer science subject with 2d and 3d animated versions. Terrier, linda and vaillant sirdey, christine 2011.
Anderson james lester paul chandler patricia mautone dorothy chun roxana moreno joan gallini jan plass stefan hagmann valerie sims shannon harp hiller spires julie heiser. Although verbal learning offers a powerful tool, mayer explores ways of going beyond the purely verbal. In the handbook multimedia learning cambridge press, 2001, richard e. Methods and development 3rd edition 9780205276912 by alessi, stephen m trollip, stanley r. Multimedia learning is a cognitive theory of learning which has been popularized by the work of richard e. The effectiveness of multimedia learning tools in education. This is referred to as the multimedia principle mayer 2005a. Designing multimedia learning application with learning. The following subsections describe these three primary principles in learning.
The multimedia principle is a theory studied in depth by richard mayer that states words and graphics are more conducive to learning, rather than just text or graphics alone. The powerpoint presentations that i have used from multimedia learning have helped my students obtain a better understanding of the subject matter. Mayer, john sweller, and roxana moreno established within the scientific literature a set of multimedia instructional. Principles for managing essential processing in multimedia learning. The cambridge handbook of multimedia learning edited by. Mayers also use his soi model of meaningful learning while building cognitive theory of multimedia learning. As someone who purchases too many education and technology books every year, im anxious for other publishers to begin adopting similar models.
Applying cognitivelybased multimedia principles to. Cognitive theory of multimedia learning mayer learning. Using mayers 12 principles of multimedia learning prezi. As curriculum designers embrace multimedia and technology wholeheartedly, we considered it important to set the record straight, in the interest of the most effective teaching and learning. The theory is based on the idea that learners learn better when they engage in relevant cognitive pressing such as attending to the relevant material in the lesson. Mayer, john sweller, and roxana moreno established within the scientific literature a set of multimedia instructional design principles that promote effective learning. Recent advances in graphics technology and information technology have prompted new efforts to understand the potential of multimedia learning as a means of promoting human understanding. The 14 principles of multimedia learning slideshare. Ayres p, sweller j 2005 the split attention principle in multimedia learning. Our goal is to promote constructivist learning in which the learner actively engages in cognitive processes for sense making. Have you ever been asked to design an e learning course, module, or interaction you knew wouldnt help the targeted audience. The researcher searched the studies articles published between the period 19912012 using web of science, eric, and psycinfo databases specifying the keywords such as split attention, modality effect, redundancy effect, cognitive load.
Why is it more likely that the splitattention principle could occur with multimedia learning. The splitattention effect is a learning effect inherent within some poorly designed instructional materials. This seemingly simple proposition which can be called the multimedia learning hypothesis is the main focus of the cambridge handbook of multimedia. Machine learning for multimedia content analysis multimedia. Faculty center for learning development 12 principles of multimedia learning if you are designing a powerpoint presentation, developing an online course or preparing to flip your classroom, you may need to reconsider how you will get students to engage with the material without the traditional facetoface interaction. People learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone. How are cognitive load theory and the split attention principle connected.
Researchbased principles for multimedia learning youtube. Designing multimedia slides based on the science of learning is not only easy to do, it is an effective and efficient way to promote learning. Purpose for the last dozen years, my colleagues and i at the university of california, santa barbara ucsb have been investigating the nature of multimedia learning with a goal of building a researchbased theory of how people learn from words and pictures. One design question concerns the presence of the instructor or the instructors face in the video. The split attention principle in multimedia learning paul ayres john sweller university of new south wales abstract the split attention principle states that when designing instruction, including mul timedia instruction, it is important to avoid formats that require learners to split their attention between, and mentally in. The powerpoints are full of graphs, maps, and political cartoons which are all essential in excelling on satp. Multimedia makes elearning interactive, entertaining, and easily digestible. Pociask wayne state university gary morrison old dominion university human working memory can be defined as a component system responsible for the temporary storage. People learn better when words and pictures are physically and temporally integrated.
Youve shared learning theories, evidencebased research, and elearning manifestos, but your clients insist on locking down their courses. The split attention principle in multimedia learning. Increasing student learning through multimedia projects offers concrete and practical advice to help teachers through the challenges of working with multimedia projects, including. This is especially important for elearning which is often poorly designed and delivered, leaving students with lackluster, unengaging learning experience. How are cognitive load theory and the splitattention principle connected. Cognitive psychologist richard mayer has made it his lifes work to understand how technology such as multimediacan support and enhance learning. Aug 09, 2012 based on mayers principles of multimedia learning.
An important challenge of multimedia learning concerns whether it is possible to promote constructivist learning from passive media. The split attention principle in multimedia learning 5 paul ayres john sweller 9. Aids to computerbased multimedia learning sciencedirect. If youre like most course designers, youve probably tried countless ways to elevate the learning conversation beyond restrictive courses. Increasing student learning through multimedia projects. Why is it more likely that the split attention principle could occur with multimedia learning. Researchers will find this book an invaluable tool for applying machine learning techniques to multimedia content analysis. Give an example in your field where split attention principle might come.
Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this book to your organisations collection. Learn about the key theories and research evidence in the fields of instructional design, learning design, multimedia learning and online learning. May 01, 2014 the 14 principles of multimedia learning 1. The theory has largely been defined by mayers cognitive theory of multimedia learning.
The findings are useful as well to those creating participant guides and job aids, and to those. A cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Mayer, professor of psychology at the university of california, santa barbara, for a presentation and discussion about. This list is generated based on data provided by crossref. The cognitive theory of multimedia learning 3 the argument is that multimedia supports the way that the human brain learns. Mayer university of california, santa barbara abstract people can learn more deeply from words and pictures than from words alone. This volume is also suitable for practitioners in industry.
The splitattention principle in multimedia learning. The animation and interactivity principles in multimedia learning mireille betrancourt abstract computer animation has a tremendous potential to provide visualizations of dynamic phenomena that involve change over time e. But only if you know when, how, and why to use these elements in your elearning course design. According to reeves 1998, multimedia can stimulate more than one sense at a time, and in doing so, may be more attentiongetting and attentionholding. A potential problem is that the processing demands evoked by the learning task may exceed the processing ca.
1425 1207 1275 624 783 1158 538 1229 1630 193 1459 233 1550 1296 1019 1101 747 216 1536 775 1150 1226 422 1532 1174 1179 1311 1018 558 933 653 588 1199 526 128 1376 361 793 1362 603 809 1313 215 1212